Apple (AAPL  ) faces increasing scrutiny over its App Store fees as a U.S. District Judge raises concerns about its practices.

Carson Oliver, Senior Director for Business Management for the App Store, testified before U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers in Oakland, California, defending the company's 27% commission on certain in-app purchases. However, Judge Rogers questioned the justification for this rate, citing a study commissioned by Apple that suggested a rate half of that would be more appropriate.

The court order, issued by the judge three years ago and now under scrutiny, carries significant weight for Apple's compliance and the future landscape of online payment options. This development could potentially reshape the tech industry.

The judge's skepticism extended to Apple Fellow Phil Schiller, who admitted that a court-ordered change to allow alternative payment systems in the App Store had not been as effective as hoped.

Since January, only a tiny fraction of apps have implemented these alternative payment options. This has led Judge Rogers to openly question whether Apple is truly committed to increasing competition, as the court intended.

"Did you understand the point was to increase competition?" the judge asked Oliver.

The heart of the issue lies in Apple's decision to charge a 27% fee on sales through links clicked within apps. The fee applies even when the purchase is completed on an external website as long as it occurs within seven days of clicking the link. Developers argue that this high fee discourages them from using external payment systems, as it offers little financial incentive compared to Apple's in-app purchase system.

Apple's App Store policies have been the subject of ongoing legal battles in the U.S. and abroad. The company was recently fined $1.9 billion by the European Commission for antitrust violations related to its music streaming service, and it faces a $1 billion lawsuit in the UK from app developers alleging unfair App Store charges.

These legal challenges highlight the growing pressure on Apple to address concerns about its business practices and their impact on competition in the tech industry. How the company responds to these challenges will likely shape the future of the App Store and the broader landscape of digital commerce.